Thursday, December 26, 2019

The Dysfunctional American Dream in Death of a Salesman by...

The Dysfunctional American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller In the American society, it is thought that if you work hard, no matter what circumstances, you can become rich and powerful. You can overcome deep poverty to become the richest man alive. This superhuman absurdity is what is referred to as the American Dream. Day after day, Americans struggle to achieve fame and prosperity, only to find failure and heartbreak. The American Dream in todays society is dead and is proven several times through plays, poetry, and essays. The perfect example of the dysfunctional American Dream is that of Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller. Willy innermost desires result in lies and extreme failure.†¦show more content†¦He goes to such extremes that he fools himself into a deep state of depression (Clurman, 133). The Dream that Willy strives so badly to achieve is one filled with flaw upon flaw. First of all, hes dreaming of all the wrong things. Biff says He had all the wrong dreams. All, all wrong, he never knew who he was (Miller, 177). Willy is a man of confusion and distress (Clurman, 134). He should be longing for things such as love and companionship rather than money (Garrison). Willy led a meaningless life where his wife was a part of the problem rather than the solution. Her supposed undying loyalty and love only fueled the fire rather than solve the problem (Garrison). In her admiration of his dreams, it is lethal. (Garrison). In the essence of support, Linda is Willys n umber one fan, but to no prevail, she only feeds his lies. Another problem of Willys dream is that he gives himself too much credit. He continually goes on in the play about how he is well know in all of New England as a great salesman (Miller, 121). But in actuality, he is a mediocre, aging has-been. He puts on a mask for the most detrimental person: himself. It is the lying to himself that kills Willys soul. His constant striving of a goal that a man of his nature just could never achieve is extremely harmful to his sanity. Biff says, Pop! Im a dime a dozen, and so are you! Willy replies, I am not a dime a dozen!Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Death Of A Salesman 1325 Words   |  6 PagesArthur Miller is one of the most successful and enduring playwrights of the post-war era in America. He focuses on middle-class anxieties since the theme of anxiety and insecurity reflects much of Arthur Miller’s own past. The play addresses loss of identity and a man’s inability to change within him and society (Miller 16). The American Dream has been an idea that has motivated society for centuries. It often times becomes the main theme for many movies, novels, and poems. In, The Death of aRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1387 Words   |  6 Pagesthe famous American play-write Arthur Miller, is undoubtedly Death of a Salesman. Arthur Miller wrote Death of a Salesman in 1949 at the time when America was evolving into an economic powerhouse. Arthur Miller critiques the system of capitalism and he also tells of the reality of the American Dream. Not only does he do these things, but he brings to light the idea of the dysfunctional family. Death of a Salesman is one of America’s saddest tragedies. In Arthur Miller’s, Death of a Salesman, three majorRead More The American Dream Conspiracy in Death of a Salesman Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesArthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman tells the story of the f ailure of a salesman, Willy Loman. Although not all Americans are salesmen, most of us share Willy’s dream of success. We are all partners in the American Dream and parties to the conspiracy of silence surrounding the fact that failures must outnumber successes.(Samantaray, 2014) Miller amalgamates the archetypal tragic hero with the mundane American citizen. The result is the anti-hero, Willy Loman. He is a simple salesman who constantlyRead MoreDeath of a Tragic Hero in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller836 Words   |  4 PagesDeath of a Tragic Hero in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Since the beginning of time, man has endeavored to become something more, to grow as a society. This has been accomplished through many extremes from war and conquest to science and exploration. The struggle endured during these events has indeed been great, but there is no greater struggle, nor one that reaps more reward, than that which the individual goes through to discover himself. Benjamin Franklin once said, â€Å"ThereRead MoreThe Jagged Edges of a Shattered American Dream in Death of a Salesman1377 Words   |  6 Pages The American dream is an ideal for all Americans to get the best out of life. It stands for an easy and comfortable life, which makes you independent and your own boss. Historically, the American dream meant a promise of freedom and opportunity, offering the chance of riches even to those who start with nothing. This is something that Arthur Miller conveys in his play Death of a Salesman. Before the Depression, an optimistic America offered the alluring promise of successRead MoreA Comparison of Tennessee Williams ´ The Glass Menagerie and Arthur Miller ´s Death of a Salesman1158 Words   |  5 Pages The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams and Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller are two of the twentieth century’s best-known plays. The differences and similarities between both of the plays are hidden in their historical and social contexts. The characters of The Glass Menagerie and the Death of a Salesman are trapped by the constraints of their everyday lives, unable to communicate with their loved ones and being fearful for their future. There are a lot of comparisons thatRead MoreThe Strength of Family in Death of a Salesman and A Raisin in the Sun1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Dream is a vision of economic opportunity available to all those who work for it, regardless of race or class. However, as seen in Arthur Miller’s â€Å"Death of a Salesman† and Lorraine Hansberry’s â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun†, perverted conceptions of the American Dream convince certain characters that they are entitled to the fruits of miracles. Despite their best intentions for supporting their families, Walter Younger and Willy Loman encounter unsurpassable obstacles and are unable to fulfillRead MoreDeath of a Salesman - Dysfunctional Family845 Words   |  4 PagesA Dysfunctional Family from Death of a Salesman â€Å"We never told the truth for ten minutes in this house.† This quote is said by Biff Loman himself. Willy Loman is the father of Biff and Happy Loman, and the husband of Linda. The Loman’s are an average working class American family. In the play, The Death of a Salesman, written by Arthur Miller, the Loman’s go through very difficult circumstances throughout the play. These circumstances are not exactly obvious but they are shown throughoutRead More Dreams and Success in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesDreams and Success in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman  Ã‚        Ã‚  In Arthur Millers play, Death of a Salesman, Miller probes the dream of Willy Lowman while making a statement about the dreams of American society. This essay will explore how each character of the play contributes to Willys dream, success, and failure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Willy is the aging salesman whose imagination is much larger than his sales ability. Willys wife, Linda, stands by her husband even in his absence of realismRead MoreDeath of a Salesman Analysis675 Words   |  3 PagesNovember 10, 2012 English P5 Death of a Salesman Essay Like Father Like Son In Arthur Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman, Miller reveals what happens when a dream, especially the American dream, dies, as seen through the life of Willy Loman, a pathetic, self-deluded salesman. The play follows the family through painful conflicts, significant issues such as national values, and the price of blind fate while working toward the ‘American Dream’. The major problem woven into the plot discusses

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Applying Motivation and Emotion Theories - 2483 Words

Applying Motivation and Emotion Theories in an Analysis of Scrooge s Behaviour Motivation and Emotion Theories 2 In the past many theories have been put forth in an attempt to understand the motivations of an individuals behaviour and the emotions involved. According to Reber Reber (2001) emotional states tend to have motivational properties and the elements of a motivation will often have emotional ties. In addition, theorists have identified that physiological structures usually appear to exist in a motivational and emotional context (Heilman Bowers, 1990; Reber, 2001; Strongman, 1973; Weiner, 1985). Some of the more well known ideas put forth by theorists include locus of control, intrinsic and extrinsic†¦show more content†¦When Christmas arrives once again Scrooge s locus shifts due to loneliness he admits to resigning to the fact that this is the way he will be from now on- alone. This resignation indicates a belief of fate influencing his position which is one of the traits of an external locus. Also a trait of an external locus of control is an individual s suggestibility involving others opinions. In this case, Scrooge quickly comes to rely on the opinions of the Christmas spirits that visit him. As illustrated by Scrooge s cont inual change in locus, it can be seen that an individual s locus range does indeed change- with keeping this in mind their positions can be roughly measured. The opponent process theory of motivation was developed mainly by Richard Solomon, and it is in a sense a homeostatic theory of emotion. Suggested is that every emotion generates an opposing emotion that acts to control it, existing after the original emotion has dissipated (Mook, 1996; Reber Reber, 2001). And with this dissipation, a drive to reach the initial emotion is created. An example, illustrating this theory is how an individual s luxuries soon turn into necessities. In order to reach the initial effect the object in question needs to be increased. This theory can be applied to Scrooge s need for money.Show MoreRelatedResources: Ch. 7 8 of Discovering Psychology and Motivation and Emotion – Interactive Tutorial758 Words   |  4 PagesMaterial Motivation and Emotion Worksheet Resources: Ch. 7 8 of Discovering Psychology and Motivation and Emotion – Interactive Tutorial Discuss the following as a team and provide a brief summary of the each discussion. The word count for individual answers may vary but your responses should total 500- to 800-words for the entire worksheet. 1. Describe three approaches to motivation. Explain how each approach affects motivation. There are many different types of motivations; some areRead MoreThe Theory Of Emotion By James Lange Theory And Cognitive Appraisal887 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent emotions in one single day. Emotion is a complex psychophysiological experience of an individual as a result of his interactions with the environment. Emotion involves feeling, thinking, activation of the nervous system, physiological changes, and behavioral changes. Different theories exist regarding how and why people experience emotion. These include the James-Lange theory, Schacter and Singer’s two-factor theory and Cognitive Appraisal. The first theory, James-Lange theory, proposesRead MoreThe Value Percept Theory : Job Satisfaction991 Words   |  4 PagesThe Value Percept Theory argues that job satisfaction depends on whether a job supplies the things an individual value most. Overall satisfactions derive form combined levels of satisfaction from various elements of an individual’s job, whether it’s: pay, promotion, supervision, coworkers, or the work itself. Job satisfaction is based on cognitive and affective components, which is evaluated by what an individual thinks about the job, and how they feel. Cognition evaluation is based on experiencesRead MoreEffective Learning Theories689 Words   |  3 Pageslearning. There are different theories studied by the scholars stating the ways people learn. Theories are differently applied in settings based on the attitude of students, how they learn. This essay focuses on the nursing and healthcare education. Since, with the introduction of new programs in nursing education, the role of the educator or teacher has also been changed. These changes have opened the way to application of different learning theories. Rogers Humanistic Theory has made positive contributionsRead MoreThe Conflict I Experienced With Raven Will Be Analyzed By The Psychodynamic Theory And The Attribution Theory1362 Words   |  6 Pagesexperienced with Raven will be analyzed by the psychodynamic theory and the attribution theory. The theories will be defined according to textbooks, peer reviewed scholarly articles, as well as an outside source book. I will use the conflict situation with my sister to demonstrate how each of the theories helps reveal aspects of the conflict. The first theory reviewed will be the psychodynamic theory. Psychodynamic Theory. The psychodynamic theory sheds light on the conflict between my sister, and meRead MoreNursing and Healthcare Education: Effective Learning Theories868 Words   |  3 Pageslearning. There are different theories studied by the scholars stating the ways people learn. Theories are differently applied in settings based on the attitude of students, how they learn. This essay focuses on the nursing and healthcare education. Since, with the introduction of new programs in nursing education, the role of the educator or teacher has also been changed. These changes have opened the way to application of different learning theories. Rogers Humanistic Theory has made positive contributionsRead MoreQuestions On Employees Equity Theory864 Words   |  4 PagesAnother approach to motivate employees is Equity Theory which mainly interprets employees’ satisfaction from the perspective of equity or inequity in interpersonal relationship. Resource: Public Personnel Management 44(2) Note. PSM = public service motivation. The Work pressure affects the employee job satisfaction. Samina and Abdul (2015,pp.272) stated â€Å"The indirect effect of person–job fit on job satisfaction through PSM will be conditional on perceptions of work pressure. The effect will beRead MoreMotivation Theories Of A Diverse Workforce During Times Of Change Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership, Motivation, Change Introduction In this paper two motivation theories in a diverse workforce during times of change will be discuss. Differences, including theoretical premises, between two models will be explained. Details relates to challenges and opportunities in a diverse workforce will identified. Strategies to keep a workforce motivated during organizational change will be point out. Two Motivation Theories To begin this discuss a definition of motivation is presentedRead MoreARCS Model1616 Words   |  7 PagesMotivation in the Elementary Math Class: Implementing the ARCS Model of Instruction Student motivation has been acknowledged by scholars as a key component linked to academic success and a continuing challenge for educators (Keller, 2010 Murray, 2011). In fact, Linder, Smart and Cribbs (2015) cite motivation as being essential for student success in mathematical tasks. â€Å"Motivation refers broadly to what people desire, what they choose to do, and what they commit to do† (Keller, 2010, p.). It isRead MoreDiscovering Psychology1356 Words   |  6 Pagesfield applies to everyday life. The physical and mental aspects of psychology are traced through lifespan development with emphasis on psychological health and wellness. Further study focuses on personality; thinking, learning and memory; motivation and emotions; and gender and sexuality. Based in various historical traditions, the course is set in the context of contemporary psychological principles. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering

Monday, December 9, 2019

Cause and Effect in My Life Essay Example For Students

Cause and Effect in My Life Essay Many people believe that everything happens for a reason, although sometimes one may not know or see that reason. Years ago, when I was in elementary school, I did not believe that there was a reason behind events that took place in my life. I was bullied in the sixth grade by a group of girls in my grade. The bullying was caused by a rumor that was spread about which caused me to lose my friends. The school got involved and then the truth was later told and ultimately led to me gaining back my friends. The adolescent stage of a young women’s life is comparable the to motion of a roller coaster. The ups and downs definitely made it hard to forget what the years brought upon me. When I was in the sixth grade, I had a fairly large group of friends. Recess came along, and it seemed as though time moved fast when I was having fun. Going to class was surprisingly joyful, considering I had my friends in the same class as me and was able to pick where I wanted to sit instead of being placed like I had to do in fifth grade. Moving up a grade meant one was mature, and with maturity in elementary school comes attitude and drama. Someone had told my friend, Amanda, that I said she did not look good in UGGS. The old he-said/she-said game that girls always seem to play was now becoming my worst enemy. Knowing I did not say anything, and knowing how offended my friend was at me for â€Å"saying† that, I tried to clear my name. Spending countless amounts of recesses trying to prove to my friend Amanda that was she heard was not true did not work in my favor. Before I knew it, there were too many rumors circulating around the classroom that I did not even know where to begin. I felt alone and helpless. I had seen what I was supposed to do when I was getting bullied on flyers and presentations around the school, but I could not tell my teacher what was happening. The situation became out of control and my teacher noticed something was wrong. Notifying the principal, actions were taken immediately. Name calling, rumor starting, pointing and laughing, etc. was not taken lightly. My school made that clear when I, along with the other girls involved, including Amanda, were put into a private room to discuss what had been happening. At first I felt as if I was backed up against the wall, but the moment I started to explain my side of the story I could see the look of guilt all over the girls’ faces. After a long day of sorting out the facts from the rumors, I was starting to see not only who started the rumors but why the rumors were started. Sara had made this whole thing up because she was not part of our science project group. Teachers, principals, all the girls along with me were relived when this drama was done with. They say things need to get worse before they can get better; this situation was an example how this statement is proven true. Losing my friends was the hardest part, but what was so great about being so young was that gaining them back made up for the loss. It was definitely a hard couple of months, as it would have been for anybody else. However, if that did not happen, if being made fun of and ignored to did not happen then it would be difficult to know the value of being honest or why it is wrong to spread rumors. I believe that the cause of getting bullied and the effects it had on me have greatly impacted me on in regards to some of the morals I have today.

Monday, December 2, 2019

Question and Answers on the American Criminal Justice Essay Example

Question and Answers on the American Criminal Justice Paper Explain why individual rights and public order perspectives are such contentious issues in contemporary American Society. Individual rights and public order have been contentious issues because it requires a constant balancing to uphold those individual rights, while also protecting our citizen. Execution of this balancing act is under constant scrutiny by two groups: individual-rights advocates, who want to protect the personal freedoms within the criminal justice system and public-order advocates, which believe the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights, under retain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety. In order to function in a society that people want to live within, this balance must be managed carefully. The individual perception of either category will influence the other and can lead to the issue we are seeing today, in Ferguson, MO over the shooting of teenager, Michael Brown (Schmeltzer, K, 2014). The constant use of the media, eager to display twenty second videos of police using excessive force or deadly force against citizens, is a contributing factor toward the disruption of this balance. It does not display the officer following he standard force continuum which led up to that moment of action. We will write a custom essay sample on Question and Answers on the American Criminal Justice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Question and Answers on the American Criminal Justice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Question and Answers on the American Criminal Justice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This lack of full disclosure creates a perception of rights violation and can disrupt public order. Hence, the reason many law enforcement agencies have taken steps to obtain on-body cameras. Loss of public order would create a different society from what we have today. There would be a sense of fear and people would not leave their homes, creating a domino effect that impact everything. Mainly schooling and education would not be there as we would not have qualified people to enforce and prosecute criminals. Freedom is not ere and in the absence of public order, only the strong would survive. Briefly discuss how the main components of the criminal justice system can at times complement each other and at times also be in conflict with each other. Provide examples. The criminal justice system consist of three main components: Police, who enforce the laws, protect property and maintain order; Courts, which pass judgment and prosecute accordingly; and Corrections, that house, supervise, and rehabilitate inmates. It also consist of TTY. Or major models, the consensus model, which states the three component work together toward a common AOL; and the conflict model, that says that each component work separately towards their own interest, which can conflict with one another and lead to the appearance of a non-system. Regardless, under either model, each component depends on what the other ones does and any changes in that process can have serious effects on the other components (Schmeltzer, F. , 2014). Under the consensus model where the components work together; you would see a smooth movement of cases through the justice system, from arrest, to court appearance to sentencing. But often time than not, the inflict model has its day in court, especially when there is a lack of understanding/interpretation of the law, along with adding personal emotions or complete disregard. When this occurs, it can affect many facets of the process and society perception. Police make the arrest and follow protocol, then have to worry about the courts dismissing their efforts, since they must place emphasis on the rights of the accused. Correction have to work to the best of their abilities to follow court ruling and deal with over population. This then of course leads to Correction having to review cases for inconsideration of early release, which is in conflict with the court system and potentially affects -a separate topic; public safety (Schmeltzer, R, 2014). Of the various stages of the American criminal justice case, which singular stage, in your opinion, is most critical from the crime control perspective, and which stage from the due process perspective? Explain why. In the various stages of the American criminal justice process, arrests are most critical under the crime control perspective, as having high numbers in this stage reflect: tighter control over crime, reduces the crime rate, increases public order/safety and ceases additional attempts -of followers;to act out in similar manners. Lack of critical awareness in this stage leaves an open invitation for criminals to act as they desire, which puts the public in danger and disrupt the order. Law abiding citizen would then feel unsafe and feel the need to defend themselves at all cost, leading to additional crime and disorder. Speedy arrests, under the proper procedures and protocols and ensuring the arrest are efficient, will lead to convictions, which also supports the crime control model (Schmeltzer, R, 2014). With that, leads to the most radical stage under the due-process model, as being the preliminary hearing. At this stage the accused has already been advised of their rights in their first appearance and its now onto determine innocent based upon probable cause and the evidence being presented. As this stage does focus upon the accused and their rights, it also creates scrutiny upon the police. Determining whether grounds for probable cause were substantiated and determine the strength of the evidence and is it was collected in accordance with the law. This fairness procedures -due process model; best opportunity to consider al the facts is during the Preliminary Hearing. Presenting at any other stage after is not exactly too late, but this is the first opportunity to address innocence, as the evidence is being evaluated and determination on further action is being addressed (Schmeltzer, Z, 2014). Identify and discuss the differences between the two major sources of statistical data about crime in the United States. The Uniform Crime Report (LACK) has been around since 1929 yet it has never been a program to truly capture trends accurately. Even after the transition of the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBS), the program was teeter enhanced to identify discrepancies and address issues which hindered the original CAR. NIBS enhanced crime data collection and improved the methodology in collecting data, but were still complications. Not only were there issues with the two programs matching older data with newer data, this program obtains its information from law enforcement crime reports by victims of crimes. An issue with that is not all crimes are reported to police and another is how it has been founded that departments have been known to downgrade a crime to reflect improvement to the crime rate. According to Schmeltzer, F. 014), a 201 2 study of nearly 2000 retire New York police Department officers found that the manipulation of crime report has become a part of police culture (p. 30). When this occurs, it creates a difficult task to determine dangerous societal trends. To assist in this the National Crime Factorization Survey (NCSC) was established to complement the I-JAR by collecting information on a national level through household, victim self- reports. It is seen to provide a more accura te account of crimes, since it considers both crimes reported and not. Both these programs are the two major sources to measure crime. Individually they are not truly able to capture the true societal trends since each of these programs serve an individual purpose toward different aspects of crime. When they are combined, however, there is a better understanding in capturing actual statistics and the nations crime problem. Updating to address evolving new trends would make it more efficient but for now serve its purpose in capturing baseline patterns (Plants, M. , Longboat, L. , 2014). Of the many special categories of crime, which singular special category crime do you think poses the most critical concern in contemporary American Society? Explain why. Of the many special categories of crime, the one which poses the most critical concern is high technology and computer crime. Cybercafà © is on the rise and we are starting to see more incidents of this crime throughout the world regarding theft of services, piracy or forgery, electronic vandalism and financial institute hackings. Recent events show even greater concern with the hacking of a U. S. Rene in Russia (US News, 2014) and the hacking of a Department of Homeland Security contractor -who does investigative background check;being breached for his information (The Washington Post, 2014). All these are simply a snap shot of what these cyber terrorist/ hackers are able to do, but the greater concern in this category should be the vulnerability our critical infrastructure. According to Mike McConnell, who was th e National Intelligence Director from 2007-2009, he testified to Senate in 2010, If the nation went to war today, in cyber, we would lose. Were the most vulnerable. We are the most connected. We have the most to lose (P. W. Singer A. Friedman, 2014, p. 151). Our infrastructure is more at risk now than it was a decade ago, due to the fact that many systems are no anger independent, but interlinked to one another. From that comes the vulnerability to cybercafà ©, as system ties us all into one entity and that is how dependent Americans are to the internet and modern technology. Cyber enemies -foreign and domestic;have the capabilities to significantly disrupt our critical infrastructure or shut them down completely. It would only take a cyber-attack upon our critical infrastructure: transportation, electric power grids, financial institutions, communications systems or pipeline access for gas and oil to inflict incapacitation or death toward America and putting us n a cyber. As seen in the case of Student Irans nuclear facility;where a virus internally attacked the heavily protected facility which cause their uranium centrifuges to malfunction (Film Media Group, 201 1).

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

La licencia de manejar para indocumentados en Illinois

La licencia de manejar para indocumentados en Illinois    Illinois es uno de los estados que permiten a los  los indocumentados  sacar la licencia de manejar. Estos son los requisitos y los pasos que debes seguir.   Esta licencia de manejar recibe el nombre de Licencia Temporal para Visitantes y se le conoce como TVDL, sus siglas en inglà ©s. Paso 1:  Reunir la documentacià ³n necesaria Se necesita probar: Nombre y fecha de nacimientoVeracidad de tu firmaDomicilio actualResidencia en el estado de Illinois por al menos doce mesesCambio de nombre, si lo hubo, como por ejemplo en casos de matrimonio Nombre y fecha de nacimiento Es obligatorio tener UNO de los siguientes documentos: Pasaporte del paà ­s de uno que no puede estar expiradoTarjeta consular de Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala o Mà ©xico. Si eres de otro paà ­s y tu consulado tambià ©n emite una tarjeta consular, verificar con la Policà ­a del Estado de Illinois si la acepta como prueba de identidad. Firma UNO de los siguientes documentos sirve para probar la veracidad de tu firma: Certificado de chà ³fer cooperativo (Cooperative Driver Certificate)Contrato de hipotecaContrato de prà ©stamo a plazosI.D. emitido por el gobierno federal de los Estados Unidos o por un estado o una entidad local oficial.Licencia de manejar de otro estado que no està © expiradaOrden de una corte en la que conste tu firmaPasaporte de tu paà ­s sin expirarTarjeta consularTarjeta de crà ©dito tipo Amex, Visa o Master CardTarjeta electoral mexicana Domicilio actual Debes probar que has vivido en tu vivienda actual por al menos 90 dà ­as (tres meses) con anterioridad al dà ­a en que haces la aplicacià ³n para la cita para la licencia de manejar. Por ejemplo, si te has mudado a tu domicilio actual el 24 de septiembre de este aà ±o, debes esperar hasta el 23 de diciembre para poder aplicar.   Es obligatorio que tengas DOS  de los siguientes documentos en el que de algà ºn modo conste tu direccià ³n actual: Calificaciones escolares o de la universidad (report card)Carta que te ha enviado una universidad o collegeCarta que te ha enviado una institucià ³n oficial del gobierno federal, estatal, del condado o localContrato de alquiler (rentar) de la vivienda (lease)Contrato de hipoteca o de compra de la viviendaDeclaracià ³n sobre pensiones o jubilacionesExtracto bancario (bank statement)Facturas mà ©dicas o declaracià ³n de beneficios sanitarios.  Factura del servicio de agua, basura, gas, electricidad, telà ©fono o cable (utility bills)Factura de haber pagado la cuota de la universidad o collegePà ³liza de seguro como propietario de la vivienda o como inquilino de la misma (tenant)Recibo de exencià ³n tributaria sobre la vivienda principal (homestead exemption receipt)Reporte sobre tu historial de crà ©dito emitido por Equifax, Experia o TransunionTarjeta consularTarjeta del servicio selectivoTranscripciones escolares, que tienen que estar certificadas Si ahora no tienes dos de esos documentos, examina cules puedes conseguir y solicà ­talos. Recuerda que hasta que transcurran 90 dà ­as desde la fecha que va a figurar en los mismos no puedes utilizarlos para probar que efectivamente vives en la vivienda que dices que es  tu domicilio actual. Probar residencia en el estado de Illinois Tienes que demostrar que has vivido en Illinois por al menos doce meses (un aà ±o) antes de aplicar para la licencia. Para ello tienes que tener UNO de los siguientes documentos: Calificaciones escolares o transcripciones, en este caso certificadasCorreo oficialEscritura de compra de la vivienda, alquiler o hipotecaFacturas mà ©dicas o de declaracià ³n de beneficiosFacturas de pago de cuotas universitariasPensià ³n o jubilacià ³nPà ³liza de seguro como inquilino de una vivienda o como propietarioRecibo de exencià ³n tributaria para vivienda (homestead exemption receipt)Utility bill de la electricidad, basura, gas, telà ©fono, cable, etc.    Si llevas ms de un aà ±o viviendo en la misma casa, la misma factura de la luz, por ejemplo, sirve para probar residencia en el estado por ms de 365 dà ­as y tambià ©n residencia actual. Para asegurarte lleva contigo a la cita una factura antigua y otra reciente. Cambio de nombre Si por cualquier razà ³n como por ejemplo, por matrimonio, el nombre actual y el que figura en tu pasaporte o en tu tarjeta consular no coinciden debers probar el cambio de nombre o apellido mediante UNO de los siguientes documentos: una orden judicialcertificado de matrimonio Segundo paso: concertar una cita Una vez que te has asegurado que tienes todos los documentos y que cumples los plazos (particularmente el de haber vivido en Illinois por los à ºltimos doce meses), entonces debes hacer dos trmites: En la actualidad en todas las oficinas excepto Chicago North y Chicago West se puede ir sin concertar una cita previa. Sin embargo para Chicago North y Chicago West sà ­ es necesario y se hace: Marcando al telà ©fono gratuito 855-236-1155 o por internet. Sà ³lo se puede hacer para uno de las  oficinas del Departamento de Vehà ­culos de Motor especialmente designadas para manejar las peticiones de licencias TVDL.Rellenar la  planilla de verificacià ³n de residencia. Se trata de hacer constar el historial de dà ³nde has vivido en los à ºltimos doce meses. (Cuando se renueve la licencia, dentro de tres aà ±os, ya no ser necesario hacerlo, ya que sà ³lo es un requisito para cuando se solicita por primera vez). Tener en cuenta que en la actualidad no puede acudir a las oficinas para este trmite ni en los dà ­as sbado ni en los dà ­as domingo. Tercer  paso: preparar la cita Antes de acudir a la oficina debes asegurarte: de que tu vista est bien o que tienes los lentes correctosde que te has estudiado para el examen teà ³rico de la licencia de manejar. En la pgina oficial del Departamento de Vehà ­culos a motor puedes descargar gratis el libro para estudiarlo.de que si no sabes conducir, has tomado las clases suficientes para poder pasar el examen prctico. Los menores de 20 aà ±os necesariamente tienen que haber ido a una  autoescuela. Cuatro paso: en la oficina del Departamento de Vehà ­culos de Motor Esto es lo que va a pasar: Un empleado examinar que llevas toda la documentacià ³n necesaria. Si es asà ­, te dar un nà ºmero y esperars por tu turnoCuando te llamen un empleado examinar de nuevo los documentos e introducir los datos en la computadoraFirmars la aplicacià ³n y, junto con los documentos presentados, ser todo escaneadoPagars $30 por la tramitacià ³n de la licencia de manejar y $5 si deseas que tambià ©n sea vlida para manejar motosSe te tomar una foto y firmars en un aparato para que quede constancia digital de tu firmaTe harn un examen de visià ³nTomars el examen escrito. Puede ser en inglà ©s, espaà ±ol o incluso en otros idiomasTomars el examen prctico de manejar en carreteraSi has aprobado se te dar un recibo que sirve como constancia de haber hecho todo el proceso pero que no sirve para manejar.   Como puedes imaginar, todo eso va a llevar su tiempo, por lo que es mejor que ese dà ­a no tengas prisa. Quinto paso: la licencia Empleados del estado verificarn que toda la informacià ³n y documentacià ³n que les has dado es la correcta. Sà ³lo en ese caso se proceder a imprimir tu licencia de manejar que te llegar por correo en el plazo de entre quince y veinte dà ­as laborales. Si la licencia no es aprobada recibirs una carta explicando el motivo, quà © debes hacer, si es que puedes hacer algo y un nà ºmero de telà ©fono para solicitar ms informacià ³n. Con la licencia en mano tienes que saber que: Es un permiso para manejar que es de carcter temporal, igual al que el estado emite desde el aà ±o 2005 a los inmigrantes o visitantes legales que no tienen un nà ºmero de seguro  social. Por ejemplo, familiares de titulares de ciertas visas de trabajo temporal. La TVDL sà ³lo es vlida si tienes tambià ©n un seguro de auto. Es un requisito indispensable. Estas licencias son de un color distinto a las que se emiten, por ejemplo, para ciudadanos americanos o residentes permanentes legales. Sern vlidas por un periodo de tres aà ±os. 90 dà ­as antes de su fecha de expiracià ³n debers renovarla.   La TVDL  no est diseà ±ada para ser utilizada como identificacià ³n. Por lo tanto no se podr utilizar para abrir una cuenta de banco o para volar, ya que no se admitir en el aeropuerto como un I.D. Tampoco se podrn usar para comprar un arma ni, por supuesto, para votar. Incluso antes de manejar en otro estado habr que verificar si es posible, ya que depender del lugar. A tener en cuenta Si tienes una licencia de manejar que conseguiste con un Nà ºmero del Seguro Social falso el procedimiento a seguir es llamar a la oficina del fraude al 217-782-7604. Se har una investigacià ³n y no podrs manejar por doce meses. Despuà ©s de esa suspensià ³n podrs aplicar por una licencia temporal para indocumentados. En un principio, las autoridades del Departamento de Vehà ­culos a Motor no comparten la informacià ³n con ninguna otra agencia del gobierno, y en eso se incluye inmigracià ³n. Pero si reciben una peticià ³n legà ­tima para que compartan informacià ³n, la darn. Si tienes una licencia internacional de manejar, ten cuidado porque puede que sea un fraude y no sirva para manejar. Si se tiene una licencia del paà ­s de uno, à ©sta sà ³lo se puede utilizar legalmente por 90 dà ­as a contar desde el dà ­a que se comenzà ³ a residir en Illinois. Finalmente, en el primer aà ±o en el que se autorizà ³ a los indocumentados en Illinois sacar la licencia de manejar, se aprobaron aproximadamente unas 85 mil. Sin embargo, se hicieron 190 mil solicitudes. Esto quiere decir que hubo muchos casos en los que no se aprobaron.   Para evitar estos problemas asegurarse de que realmente se cumplen los requisitos. Si no, ser negada. Derechos de los trabajadores indocumentados Las leyes del salario mà ­nimo tambià ©n aplica a los indocumentados. Entà ©rate de cul es el pago por hora en tu estado, cules son las excepciones y quà © se puede hacer si no te pagan lo que te corresponde de acuerdo a la ley. Finalmente, es muy conveniente informarse sobre aspectos que afectan muy directamente a la comunidad de migrantes indocumentados, como por ejemplo, las posibilidades reales de regularizacià ³n de la situacià ³n y otros temas que afectan a los inmigrantes sin papeles como las nuevas prioridades de deportacià ³n por orden ejecutiva de Trump. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Ways to improve your college paper writing

Ways to improve your college paper writing Improving Your College Paper Writing – 15 Tips Most college students will not choose writing as a career. In fact, most college students dislike writing paper and essay assignments. To them, it is a terrible activity, maybe even worse than getting a root canal. But write you must, and for most courses you take. So settle yourself in and accept the fact that writing will be a part of your life right now. Because it will also figure greatly into your course grades, and thus your GPA, here are some tips to improve that writing and get those â€Å"A’s† and â€Å"B’s.† Try to start on a major essay or research paper as early as possible. Yes, it may seem impossible at this moment, with all of your other course work, but if you are in a last minute rush to get a paper done, it will never be as good as it could have been. Every course has a syllabus, and every syllabus contains essay and paper assignments, along with due dates. You know the â€Å"drill.† Develop a calendar of all due dates and then go back three weeks and put in a notation to begin on that essay or paper. Will it be a perfect system and will you always abide by those dates? No, but at least you have a road map that you can try to follow. Study the details of every essay or paper assignment carefully. If there are prompts or questions from which you are to choose, select the one that interests you most. If it says evaluate, do not summarize; if it says analyze, do not summarize; if it says to demonstrate how an author developed a particular character, do not re-hash the plot. Do exactly what you are told, no more, no less. Nothing frustrates a professor more than having to read through a bunch of irrelevant content to get to the â€Å"meat† of what you were supposed to include. If you don’t fully understand a paper writing assignment, get in touch with your professor early on. S/he will be flattered that you sought guidance and it will look like you are planning well in advance – great PR! Have a thesis. What’s your point? If you don’t have one, then do the research first – it will help you to think about why the topic is important or what your viewpoint is. These are the things of which good thesis statements are made. Organize your research into clear sub-topics. This is hard to do, because you are trying to â€Å"mesh and meld† material from several sources. One way to determine sub-topics is during your research. If there is a piece you have read that has really divided the topic well, use that as a guide as you develop your outline. Each sub-topic becomes a section of your paper. Use headings to separate sections of a longer essay or a paper. It keeps the reader on track and makes him/her feel â€Å"comfortable.† Always write more than the minimum page assignment. If the range is 6-8 pages, try to get to 8. If a professor didn’t think students could write 8 pages on a topic, question, or prompt, then s/he wouldn’t have given that number. When you go toward the maximum, you impress them! â€Å"Sell† your topic and thesis with a stunning introduction. It is always good to have some shocking statistic or a relevant anecdote to grab reader attention from the very beginning. Use spell- and grammar-checkers. Hopefully, you are using a program like Word. It will catch most of your errors but do not rely on these apps completely, for they are sometimes wrong. For example, you may using the word â€Å"your† to show possession, which is correct. Word grammar checker may â€Å"flag† it and want you to use â€Å"you’re† instead. Don’t do it! And double-check any numerals you use – if they are wrong, they won’t be caught. Use vocabulary that is appropriate for you and your peers, not your professor. And be certain to explain terminology that is complex and/or unique. Better to over-explain than not at all. This lets your professor know that you really understand what you are writing about. Put a â€Å"quota on your quotes.† Your professor does not want to read what everyone else has said. S/he wants to know that you understand what everyone else has said and that you can discuss it. Use quotes to reinforce big points you are making or when an author has stated something so superbly, it should remain intact. Format is important. If it were not, you would not be required to use the one that is specified. You should have a style guide – if not go online and get one for the format style you must use. It makes no sense to lose points because citations and bibliographies are not done correctly. And remember, different styles have different title page formats, pagination, and margins – yes, the â€Å"devil is sometimes in the details.† Write a good conclusion. You have a point to make in writing a paper, so make sure that you refer back to that thesis in your conclusion, stating it in another way of course. Get a good style check tool. These are great, because they will â€Å"flag† awkward or verbose phrases and sentences. Many of them will also pick up agreement and verb tense issues. A good one on the market right now is â€Å"Style-check.rb,† but you can find many with a simple search. If all else fails – if you are out of time, if you have too many papers due at once, if you hate the topic and cannot get motivated – find a good custom paper writing service and let a pro get this one done for you! But make sure you choose a professional essay writing service and your paper will be performed on the highest level.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Extra credit Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Extra credit - Assignment Example That is happened because of number social, ethical, moral and legislative problems that are connected with the discussed process. The dimension of social problems is connected with the relatives and friends of a patient who desired to die. The matter is that close people of a patient do not always share his/her decision and attack doctor with the reproaches of poor treatment or bad medication. That is considered to be a situation of emotional tension that is not pleasant for both health care professionals and patient’s close people. It is important to mention that the ethical issue is regarded as highly difficult and ambiguous for the physician particularly. It is admitted that health care professional are in need to perform everything possible for the health and comfort of a patient (Pozgar, 2013). In the situation when a patient desired to make the assisted suicide the role of performer comes to the doctor. He/she is considered to be a person who takes the life of the other person. The problem of quality of life stays as an important issue in front of the health care professional. Ethic is closely connected with the moral side of the discussed issue. Helping a sick person with no chance for a normal life is on one side, while becoming a ‘murder’ is on the other side. Such ambiguity makes the situation difficult and unpleasant from the point of view of ethics and moral. The last but not the least is the problem that is connected with the legal aspect of the assisted suicide. It should be admitted that the norms and regulations of this procedure is registered by the government and public law (Pozgar, 2013). What is important is that â€Å"the legislative and executive branches in our system are uniquely well equipped to pursue these issues† (Pozgar, 2012). It is relevant to follow all the regulations that are predetermined by law for the sake to avoid troubles with law. The matter is that

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

The Baroque Era Art and Modern Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Baroque Era Art and Modern Art - Essay Example According to Craig Lockard (451), Baroque artists placed more focus on new perspectives such as movement, amplified light, tension, decorations, and strong emotions to produce the various quality artworks. The enlarging horizons of thinking created by the Renaissance and Reformation resulted in an extravagant and, as considered by many people, outrageous artistic movement in the 1600s. In the modern art, artworks are made powerful by the use of current features such as color, form, and line to come up with often violent paintings that are both indications of creativity and uprising against convention. The current group artists are said to be inspired by various French artworks and architecture and the theatrical Italian Baroque style art. Although slightly different from the Baroque era, the Greek myths also continued to encourage some prominent artists during the period beginning the 20th century. In conclusion, the end of the Baroque era perhaps, had a significant impacted on the m odern state of art since it ushered in a new age of ornamentalization. Various forms of art such as painting and dà ©cor both opted to involve ornaments including the common paintings such as â€Å"the Garden of Earthly Delights.† As a result of forces causing a drift from the Baroque period, painters and sculptors also shifted from producing overdone artworks back to producing more sleek, modest and sharp finish. The world has seen massive transformations in the state of the modern art where it remains evident.

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Osama Bin Laden Essay Example for Free

Osama Bin Laden Essay When the United States experienced the simultaneous terror attacks on September 11, 2001, our country launched a manhunt for the person whom all data pointed to as the mastermind of the attack, Osama Bin Laden. It began as a manhunt for the most wanted terrorist in the world with the mission of getting him dead or alive and ending the threat of international terrorism. As time went on though, the facts and figures, as well as the slant of the military objectives got derailed and Osama Though not forgotten, is no longer the focal point of the war on terror. There is enough evidence in the president’s interviews to prove that the country is has bungled every aspect of the manhunt and our leaders have lost sight of their original mission objectives and perhaps hope that the reports of Bin laden’s medical condition are true and that it will kill him. Or maybe they are hoping against hope that one of the bombs dropped in the caves of Afghanistan actually killed him. Reports have surfaced saying that Osama is as dead as he can ever be. Although some say he is still hiding out in Pakistan or Afghanistan. Which is which? If he is alive, why has he not released a video recently to the news media? Is it true that he limits his exposure only to the internet these days? Or, is this a sign that he is indeed dead? This is what bothers me the most. The fact that our countries leaders are more concentrated on Iraq, a country that seems hell-bent on imploding instead of insuring the protection of our own country against the threats of Osama and his cohorts. Nobody is bothering to confirm the real status of Bin Laden right now it seems. I guess nobody will and the hunt for him will remain a 2nd priority until the next time American lives are sacrificed in an even larger terror attack. Is Osama alive or dead? I believe that because of the way things are going now in the hunt for this terrorist, nobody will ever find the real answer. America has too many tongs in the fire and cannot really complete any of the war goals that have been set. Bin Laden’s cohorts will continue to try propagate the idea that Bin Laden is alive even if he is dead by any means possible for them. Maybe he is dead, but the world will never really know the truth because there is no real evidence to point to his being alive or dead. America‘s indifference to proving the status of Bin laden will mean that at present, and even in the future, the threat of world terrorism will continue to exist and be felt throughout the free world and Bin Laden will continue to be the terrorism poster boy.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Constitutional Law and its Contemporary Challenges: Speech, Search and

Constitutional Law was created as the chosen way to preserve the United States of America Constitution, ratified by Congress in 1783, in respect to its meanings, use, and enforcement, for free government, and equal justice under the law for all Americans. However, as times and generations have passed, the U.S. Constitution remains the supreme law of the land. Among the most contemporary and controversial elements are the challenges of evolving interpretations of the freedom of speech, and search warrants, which have both had a major impact on society. In particular, we explore speech not protected by the First Amendment of the Constitution, as well as some circumstances when a search warrant is not required for a valid search. A conclusion is drawn and outlined based on research conducted to offer a concise in-depth observation of the above topics. FIRST AMENDMENT FREEDOMS The First (1st) Amendment of the United States (U.S.) Constitution, ratified December 15, 1791, â€Å"guarantees to all Americans regardless of age, ethnicity, disability, faith, or gender, the freedom of speech, freedom of press, the right to assemble, the right to peacefully assemble, and the right to petition Congress (Government) for a redress of grievances† (Kanovitz, 2010). However, as these types of speech are protected by the 1st Amendment, there are other kinds of speech that are not. The framers of the 1st Amendment intended for this amendment to be broad as to allow the amendment room to adapt to future changes in societal diversities as we live today (Kanovitz, 2010). In these protected rights are solid foundations that secures the opportunity to openly share ideas, thoughts, and various differences in points of view, encouraging interaction... ...merican soil, the question remains as to how much privacy Americans really possess. Yes, security in the person and home is still at the discretion of law enforcement, but how far will the government reach in what seems to be an elaborate effort to gain total control over what the Constitution defines as a free society? This, and many other questions remain unanswered today, but it must be remembered that this is a government of, for, and by the people, not a dictatorship that it has come to be in today’s world. â€Æ' Works Cited Gardner, Bryan A. (2009). In Black's Law Dictionary. St. Paul, Minnesota: West / Thomson Reuters. Kanovitz, J. R. (2010). Constitutional Law (12th ed.). (E. R. Ebben, Ed.) New Providence, NJ, U.S.A.: Matthew Bender & Company, Inc., LexisNexis Gorup. Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 88 S.Ct. 1868 (Supreme Court June 10, 1968).

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Construction contract Essay

An excellent submission, Welcome to this subject, a good start to this subject with this first assignment. My name is Cliff McSorley; I will be marking your assignments for this subject. Part 1 Good analysis and detailed response to both parts of this question. This is quite a problematic question, it would be something you would most likely do with the assistance of a solicitor, however you do need to be aware that changes to a contract is a difficult task and in my opinion always stick with the tried and tested standard contacts. Contracts provided by industry association have been tried and tested in the courts over many years and therefore should provide adequate protection for you the contractor. Part 2 – Home Warranty Insurance Below is clause 39.2 from AS 4000 Provide a written explanation identifying how you as the contractor can ensure that they do not default on the contract addressing each point from A to E. Provide no more than half a page on each point. 39.2Contractor’s default If the Contractor commits a substantial breach of the Contract, the Principal may, by hand or by certified post, give the Contractor a written notice to show cause. Substantial breaches include, but are not limited to: a)failing to: i)provide security Excellent response The contractor may be required to obtain a guarantee of the company’s liquidity to complete the project this is done by providing security to the principal Security could be in the form of a) cash; b) retention monies; c) bonds or inscribed stock or their equivalent issued by a national, state or territory government; d) interest bearing deposit in a bank e) an approved unconditional undertaking or an approved performance undertaking given by an approved financial institution or insurance company; or f) other form approved by the party having the benefit of security; The most common form of security would be through a bank guarantee failing to do this would be a breach of contract. ii)provide evidence of insurance; Again well answered A contractor must effect and maintain insurances as stipulated in the contract and present copies of these to the client on commencement of the work and provide the customer a copy of the policy and a certificate of currency at any time requested by the client. iii)comply with a direction of the Superintendent pursuant to subclause 29.3; Subclause 29.3 addresses any defective workmanship and materials provided by the subcontractor under this clause if the superintendent becomes aware of any defective workmanship the superintendent shall as soon as practicable give the contractor written details thereof. If the defective workmanship or materials are not rectified the superintendent may direct the contractor to either a) remove the material from the site b) demolish the work c) reconstruct, replace or correct the work and d) not deliver it to site If a) the contractor fails to comply with such a direction; and b) that failure has not been made good within 8 days after the contractor receives written notice from the superintendent that the principal intends to have the  subject work rectified by others at the cost of the contractor The superintendent may also direct the contractor that the principal is willing to accept the subject work, whereupon there shall be a deemed variation. iv) use the materials or standards of work required by the Contract; Again well answered. b) wrongful suspension of work; Again well answered. c) substantial departure from a construction program without reasonable cause or the Superintendent’s approval; Again well answered. d) where there is no construction program, failing to proceed with due expedition and without delay; and  Well answered, the contract would have a date for practical completion, therefore this is a timeframe that the has to meet, so even if there is an absence of a construction program the contractor still needs to progress the job in a reasonable time line. This time line would judge as what a reasonable time frame for carrying out a job would be. This would be judged on a job by job basis and things like the detail, materials, ease of access and size of the work would all need to be taken into account. The contractor was seen to be progressing the job at a reasonable rate in respect to his resources (eg. size of the company) throughout the construction process, failure to do so would be consider to be a substantial breach of contract. e) in respect of clause **, knowingly providing documentary evidence containing an untrue statement. Well answered. Part 3 1) Recommend two (2) different types of contracts for the following types of projects 2) Two well selected contracts, for each project. 3) Using your recommendations above propose what contract would you use and give reasons why for the following projects also identify statutory and legislative requirements of using these contracts. Excellent choice and discussion again with very good explanations on why you have chosen each contract and details of statutory and legislative requirements included to further justify your decisions 4) Describe the process of creating a contractual situation from the point of submitting a Tender to signing a contract and identify each step using construction terminology. For each step also identify using the legal terminology. Well stepped through with good details on legal terminology. An alternate description of the tender process:- Broadly the Tender process after submission of the tender by the contractor, involves the following: Meeting with the principal to clarify aspects of a tender. The Tenderer making a presentation to help promote a tender. Note that the submission of the tender can be construed as a contractual offer which is capable of acceptance by the principal as part of creating binding legal relations. Sometimes the Principal will provide a Letter of Intent to a tenderer telling the tenderer that they are the preferred tenderer and that a contract will be awarded. Whether this Letter of Intent is legally binding depends on the wording of the Letter – in some instances it could be construed as an early works contract. Generally where a Tender process is involved, there is no negotiation with respect to the terms of the proposed contract. Once a tender is accepted by the Principal, a Letter of Acceptance is sent to the tenderer – or a written contract is signed by the Principal and tenderer (Contractor) which forms the basis of the legal relationship between the principal and the tenderer. The contract generally incorporates plans and specif ications. An offer and acceptable of the offer are necessary ingredients in creating a legally binding contract. There must also be consideration, which is generally the tender price, and an intention to create legal relations. Generally the latter can be inferred from the tender process. The above feedback is not provided to contradict your interpretations but to provide response based on my understanding of contracts relating to this  assignment. I hope the comments are useful. I found that you have well analysed the question throughout this assignment and provide well constructed responses to the questions. Please note:- With future assignments you could include a cover page, a contents page and number pages. I also think that it is a good idea to include a footer on each page which includes your name, page number and the date etc.as appropriate (please refer to the link on the OLS under â€Å"Course Information† – â€Å"Overview† – â€Å"Assessment Presentation Guidelines†).

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Gender Imbalance

If such a large gender imbalance continues, effects on Asian society will include having a bad economy, a slower birthrate and many detrimental psychological effects especially on Asian men. Firstly, there will be a bad economy if the trend of a large gender imbalance whereby there are many woman short, continues. This is due to two main reasons. Men will very likely subject to frustration based on the fact that they have no one to release any sexual pleasure on, hence many stay bachelors, despite the want to find a partner and settle down. Men will also lose any focus on work as they constantly think about â€Å"sex† and what-nots so when there is no focus put on their jobs, there will be no improvements or progress made, thus the economy is bound to slow down. Also, many men will stay unmarried as there is not enough women. Hence, if men do not get married, they would not need to purchase any additional supplies for both marriage and children needs, thus these industries sup plying such products will have loses as the demand will be lesser than the supply. Secondly, Asia will meet with a slower birthrate.Take Singapore for example, already there is a huge problem with the slow birthrate – thus the government are stepping up efforts to kerb this problem. However, with the current gender imbalance, things will only detiororate. This is mainly due to men, who many stay bachelors , as they cannot find a suitable partner, they won't get married thus they would not produce any babies. If this trend continues, the birthrates will fall by a lot, as for every woman Asia is short of , that is the possible number of men that will stay as bachelors , in this case 160 million – which is 40 times Singapore's population, hence it is a very big number.Also, 160 million times the replacement rate of Asia will be the number of babies that can be given birth to , if there is no gender imbalance, thus there would be a huge difference and the birthrate will be very slow as these babies are not given birth to, based on the absence of 160 million women. Thirdly, Asian men will face with many negative psychological and sexual effects. They will have sexual frustration as they would have no place to let out their sexual desire- hence possibly turning to prostitution, which is wrong.Also, they will let out any sexual desires in the wrong place, leading to a wrong sexual orientation, which will also lead them to committing crimes and sins. The fact that a large majority will never get married will be a huge blow to them as they will never find a partner for life. This is due to the lack of 160 million women in Asian, thus these men will definitely face such effects. In conclusion, a large gender imbalance will lead to a bad economy, a slower birthrate and detrimental psychological effects , in the long run.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

The Manhattan Project Timeline

The Manhattan Project Timeline The Manhattan Project was a secret research project that was created to help America design and build an atomic bomb. This was created in reaction to Nazi scientists who had discovered how to split a uranium atom in 1939. In fact, President Franklin Roosevelt was not that concerned when Albert Einstein first wrote him about the possible consequences of splitting the atom. Einstein had previously discussed his concerns with Enrico Fermi who had escaped from Italy. However, by 1941 Roosevelt had decided to create a group to research and develop the bomb. The project was given its name due to the fact that at least 10 of the sites used for the research were located in Manhattan. Following is a timeline of the key events related to the development of the atomic bomb and the Manhattan Project.   Manhattan Project Timeline DATE EVENT 1931 Heavy Hydrogen or deuterium is discovered by Harold C. Urey. 1932 The atom is split by John Crockcroft and E.T.S. Walton of Great Britain, thereby proving Einsteins Theory of Relativity. 1933 Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard realizes the possibility of the nuclear chain reaction. 1934 The first nuclear fission is achieved by Enrico Fermi of Italy. 1939 The Theory of Nuclear Fission is announced by Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch. January 26, 1939 At a conference at George Washington University, Niels Bohr announces the discovery of fission. January 29,1939 Robert Oppenheimer realizes the military possibilities of nuclear fission. August 2, 1939 Albert Einstein writes to President Franklin Roosevelt concerning the use of uranium as a new source of energy leading to the formation of the Committee on Uranium. September 1, 1939 World War II Begins. February 23, 1941 Plutonium is discovered by Glenn Seaborg. October 9, 1941 FDR gives the go-ahead for the development of an atomic weapon. December 6, 1941 FDR authorizes the Manhattan Engineering District for the purpose of creating an atomic bomb. This would later be called the Manhattan Project. September 23, 1942 Colonel Leslie Groves is placed in charge of the Manhattan Project. J. Robert Oppenheimer becomes the Projects Scientific Director. December 2, 1942 First controlled nuclear fission reaction is produced by Enrico Fermi at the University of Chicago. May 5, 1943 Japan becomes the primary target for any future atomic bomb according to the Military Policy Committee of the Manhattan Project. April 12, 1945 Franklin Roosevelt dies. Harry Truman is named the 33rd President of the US. April 27, 1945 The Target Committee of the Manhattan Project select four cities as possible targets for the atomic bomb. They are Kyoto, Hiroshima, Kokura, and Niigata. May 8, 1945 War ends in Europe. May 25, 1945 Leo Szilard attempts to warn President Truman in person concerning the dangers of atomic weapons. July 1, 1945 Leo Szilard begins a petition to get President Truman to call off using the atomic bomb in Japan. July 13, 1945 American intelligence discovers the only obstacle to peace with Japan is unconditional surrender. July 16, 1945 The worlds first atomic detonation takes place in the Trinity Test at Alamogordo, New Mexico. July 21, 1945 President Truman orders atomic bombs to be used. July 26, 1945 Potsdam Declaration is issued, calling for the unconditional surrender of Japan. July 28, 1945 Potsdam Declaration is rejected by Japan. August 6, 1945 Little Boy, a uranium bomb, is detonated over Hiroshima, Japan. It kills between 90,000 and 100,000 people immediately. Harry Truman's Press Release August 7, 1945 U.S. decides to drop warning pamphlets on Japanese cities. August 9, 1945 The second atomic bomb to hit Japan, Fat Man, was scheduled to be dropped at Kokura. However, because of poor weather, the target was moved to Nagasaki. August 9, 1945 President Truman addresses the nation. August 10, 1945 U.S. drops warning leaflets concerning another atomic bomb on Nagasaki, the day after the bomb was dropped. September 2, 1945 Japan announces its formal surrender. October 1945 Edward Teller approaches Robert Oppenheimer to aid in the building of a new hydrogen bomb. Oppenheimer refuses.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Intruder to Queen Elizabeths Bedroom

Intruder to Queen Elizabeths Bedroom Early on Friday morning, July 9, 1982, Queen Elizabeth II woke to find a strange, bleeding man sitting at the end of her bed. As scary as the situation must have been, she handled it with royal aplomb. A Strange Man at the End of the Queens Bed When Queen Elizabeth II woke up on the morning of July 9, 1982, she saw that a strange man was sitting on her bed. The man, dressed in jeans and a dirty T-shirt, was cradling a broken ashtray and dripping blood onto the royal linens from a lacerated hand. The Queen kept calm and picked up the phone from her bedside table. She asked the operator at the palace switchboard to summon the police. Though the operator did pass the message to the police, the police didnt respond. Some reports say the intruder, 31-year-old Michael Fagan, had planned to commit suicide in the Queens bedroom but decided it wasnt a nice thing to do once he was there. He wanted to talk about love but the Queen changed the subject to family matters. Fagans mother later said, He thinks so much of the Queen. I can imagine him just wanting to simply talk and say hello and discuss his problems. Fagan thought it a coincidence that he and the Queen both had four children. The Queen attempted to summon a chambermaid by pressing a button, but no one came. The Queen and Fagan continued to talk. When Fagan asked for a cigarette, the Queen again called the palace switchboard. Still, no one responded. After the Queen had spent ten minutes with the mentally disturbed, bleeding intruder, a chambermaid entered the Queens quarters and exclaimed, Bloody hell, maam! Whats he doing in there? The chambermaid then ran out and woke up a footman who then seized the intruder. The police arrived twelve minutes after the Queens first call. How Did He Get into the Queens Bedroom? This wasnt the first time that protection of the royal monarch had been found lacking, but it had supposedly been increased since the 1981 attack on the Queen (a man fired six blanks at her during the Trooping the Color ceremony). Yet Michael Fagan basically walked into Buckingham Palace - twice. Only a month before, Fagan had stolen a $6 bottle of wine from the palace. Around 6 a.m., Fagan climbed the 14-foot-high wall - topped with spikes and barbed wire - on the southeast side of the palace. Though an off-duty policeman saw Fagan climbing the wall, by the time he had alerted palace guards, Fagan could not be found. Fagan then walked along the south side of the palace and then along the west side. There, he found an open window and climbed in. Fagan had entered a room housing King George Vs $20 million stamp collection. Since the door to the interior of the palace was locked, Fagan went back outside through the window. An alarm had been set off both as Fagan entered and exited the Stamp Room through the window, but the policeman at the police sub-station (on palace grounds) assumed the alarm was malfunctioning and turned it off - twice. Fagan then went back as he had come, along with the west side of the palace, and then continuing along the south side (past his point of entry), and then along the east side. Here, he climbed up a drainpipe, pulled back some wire (meant to keep pigeons away) and climbed into Vice Admiral Sir Peter Ashmores office (the man responsible for the Queens security). Fagan then walked down the hallway, looking at paintings and into rooms. Along his way, he picked up a glass ashtray and broke it, cutting his hand. He passed a palace housekeeper who said good morning and only a few minutes later he walked into the Queens bedroom. Normally, an armed policeman stands guard outside the Queens door at night. When his shift is over at 6 a.m., he is replaced with an unarmed footman. At this particular time, the footman was out walking the Queens corgis (dogs). When the public learned of this incident, they were outraged at the lapse of security around their Queen. Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher personally apologized to the Queen and measures were immediately taken to strengthen palace security. Sources Davidson, Spencer. God Save the Queen, Fast. TIME 120.4 (July 26, 1982): 33. Rogal, Kim and Ronald Henkoff. Intruder at the Palace. Newsweek July 26, 1982: 38-39.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Supply Chain Mangagement Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Supply Chain Mangagement - Case Study Example Are all these SKUs necessary, profitable, and providing value to the company Many products may make good marketing sense, but Barilla's margins may be affected by the costs of the equally complex supply chain needed. b. Complacency of internal sales and marketing staff: If their reaction to JITD is any indication (p. 99-100), this may be most serious cause. Perhaps, they were just poorly managed because they did not buy the idea that a more efficient distribution system would result in higher sales and profits. Or worse, to satisfy unprofitable market demand and meet sales quotas, the sales team couldn't refuse requests of distributors and retailers even if the company's profitability suffered in the process. c. Old-fashioned distribution system: JITD was a partial solution superimposed on an existing distribution channel that proved non-scalable with sales volumes increases. JITD, by shifting control over buyer information from distributors to Barilla, marked a big difference in the dynamics of the supply chain to which existing players inside and outside the company found difficult to adjust. Poor planning and forecasting also shows how 'old-fashioned' (p. 96) is the distribution system that may have worked when sales volumes were still low and manageable. d. d. Poorly designed marketing incentive system: Marketing incentives should push the product and add predictability to market demand, but despite having a system in place every four weeks (p. 96-97), Barilla continued to experience variability in orders. Barilla has to address these underlying causes when implementing JITD that is, like all supply chain management systems, a support activity to major strategic decisions. 2. Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of the JITD program. a. The JITD was designed to give the following benefits to Barilla and its distributors: i. Better service to the end-customer who will get the product when needed. ii. Barilla and distributors can build a stronger partnership because of the mutual dependence created. Properly managed, this is good for both. iii. More stable timing of orders, generated on a predefined basis, assures better product quality. iv. Distributors will experience lower stockout and inventory levels and improved fill rates from Barilla and to the end customer. This means lower planning and ordering costs, and higher profits, for distributors as these costs are shifted to the manufacturer. v. Distributors can provide better quality service to end customers. vi. Barilla will find forecasting easier, plan its incentives better, and improve its inventory and procurement plans. Product returns will be lower as only those that could be sold given the stable end-customer demand will be delivered. b. However, JITD also has some drawbacks: i. Every employee at Barilla and distributors must fully understand and accept the program. Total participation is needed so that this change to the way things are done can be properly managed. ii. Close coordination between Barilla and distributors is needed as regards trade promotions and the gain or loss of large

Friday, November 1, 2019

DNA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DNA - Essay Example Production of gametes through meiosis A basic tenet of embryology is the fusion of a male and a female gamete in the process called fertilization. The gametes are haploid cells that are produced in the testes and ovaries of the father and mother, respectively. They are produced in a cell division process called meiosis. This process is special because each of the resulting daughter cells contains just half of the chromosomes of the parent cell. In effect, a child receives 50% of each of the parent’s genetic material. Briefly, it involves two major processes, Meiosis I and then II, each composed of the usual processes of (1) prophase that prepares for (2) metaphase, in which the chromosomes meet in the middle, (3) anaphase, whereby the chromosomes separate and go to two opposite ends of the dividing cell, and (4) telophase, in which the cell membranes separate to ultimately produce the daughter cells. Initially, the gonium is a diploid cell (chromosome number (n) = 46) with rep licated chromosomes in the form of sister chromatids. After Meiosis I, the daughter cells are already haploid (n = 23), because what is separated during Anaphase I are the pairings of homologous chromosomes. Each chromosome carries genes for specific traits, and each chromosome of a homologous pair thus carries an allele per trait. In contrast, during Anaphase II, the sister chromatids separate, producing haploid cells with unreplicated chromosomes. Ideally, 4 daughter cells are produced per meiosis of a –gonium, and this is what happens in the production of sperm cells. However, in the case of female gamete formation, 2 daughter cells (1 from meiosis I and 1 from meiosis II), only 1 oocyte is produced from a cycle of meiosis (Campbell and Reece, 2002). DNA replication occurs in preparation for cell division How does DNA replicate? A part of the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) unwinds, allowing DNA polymerase and DNA ligase to get into what is known as the replication bubble. The DNA polymerase adds the complement of each nucleotide in the parent strand, completing the whole length of the strands to produce two semi-conservative dsDNA, each composed of a parent strand and a daughter strand. Eventually, these two identical dsDNA, takes the form of sister chromatids, which are separated during mitosis, the somatic cell replication. The resulting daughter cells thus get identical copies of DNA, which is an exact match to the parent cell (Campbell and Reece, 2002). DNA is the genetic code that directs all cellular function Why is it necessary for each cell to bear DNA? The DNA, housed in the nucleus, is the template to produce messenger RNA (mRNA) through a process called transcription. In this process, a transcription factor recognizes the TATA sequence 25 nucleotides upstream from the transcriptional start point. This initiates the binding of RNA polymerase II to the DNA, and binding of additional transcriptional factors, opening up the double strand to produ ce the pre-RNA strand from 5’ to 3’. The pre-mRNA then peels off from the DNA template, and it complete detaches hundreds of nucleotides after reaching the terminating AAUAAA sequence. This undergoes further

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Inappropriate Behavior Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Inappropriate Behavior - Research Paper Example The sexual harassment committed by Marwan has been quite offensive in nature. Marwan’s performance in the role of a pirate in the Studio Five Theme Park has been appreciated to a great extent by the audience and the guests who have been watching Marwan performing over a period of some time now. Marwan’s behavior has not been appropriate while interacting with the guests of the park after the performance is over. Marwan has the tendency to become cozy with the female guests of the park. He even went to the extent of placing his hands on the back of the ladies while posing for photographs. This behavior of Marwan was inappropriate in nature as the female guests of the park did not expect Marwan to engage such kind of unwelcome conduct. The behavior of Marwan towards his junior fellow colleague who was female and newly hired was very offensive and could be treated as an act of sexual harassment without any debate under the civil rights laws of the country. Marwan not only grabbed her breast but also threatened to get her fired if she refused to go on a date with Marwan. This was an inappropriate behavior of Marwan under the context and was totally not welcomed by the female junior colleague. This is a serious case of sexual harassment committed by Marwan and was strictly prohibited under the civil rights laws of the country. The complaint by the junior female artist against Marwan led to his termination from the contract of performance in the Studio Five Theme Park. The legal nature of employment of Marwan was contractual in nature.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Isolation of β-Amyrin from Plant Parts of M. barteri

Isolation of ÃŽ ²-Amyrin from Plant Parts of M. barteri ISOLATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE TRITERPENE Î’-AMYRIN FROM THE AERIAL PLANT PARTS OF MAESOBOTRYABARTERI(BAILL). Abstract Maesobotrya  barteri(Baill), belonging to the family EUPHORBIACEAE, is a medicinal plant growing widely in tropical Africa. The Aerial plant parts of Maesobotrya barteri (Bail) were collected fresh from Orokam, Ogbadibo local Government of Benue State, Nigeria in July, 2013. Taxonomical identification was done by Mallam Musa Abdullahi at the Herbarium unit of Biological sciences Department, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria. Pulverized aerial parts of Maesobotrya  barteri (960g) was exhaustively extracted successively using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol and concentrated in the rotary evaporator at 40oC. The ethylacetate fraction having the highest activity against test microbes from preliminary crude microbial screenings was subjected to phytochemical studies, antimicrobial analysis and column chromatography (CC). The column chromatography yielded fraction EN, which was further purified using preparative thin layer chromatography to give EN1. The structure of the isola ted compound was established using 1-D NMR and 2-D NMR spectroscopic analysis and by direct comparism with data reported in literature was confirmed to be ÃŽ ²-amyrin. The bioactivity of this compound was carried out using some clinical pathogens and the activity compared with standard drugs and this was found to be comparable with the standard drug. Keywords: Maesobotrya  barteri; Medicinal plant; bioactivity; Ethylacetate extract; ÃŽ ²-amyrin Introduction Maesobotrya sp is a variety of flowering plant belonging to the family Phyllanthaceae, or by some authors classified in Euphorbiaceae. The Euphorbiaceae plants are shrubs, trees, herbs or rarely lianas [1]. Plants of the Euphorbiaceae are known to be rich in terpenoids (69.5%) [2]. In Nigeria, the species M.barteri is under-exploited although the tree is of both medicinal and nutritional importance [3]. Maesobotrya species are used medicinally in different regions in Africa [4]. It bears succulent black-purple fruits that are edible and stain the tongue. The nutritive values of the fruits and seeds have been studied in Southern Nigeria [5]. Thus, this study aims at validating the antimicrobial effects of the aerial plant parts of Maesobotrya barteri used in traditional medicine in Orokam town of Benue State,Nigeria, as well as potent compounds that can be used as precursors for synthetic drugs. The presence of secondary metabolites in plants generally has been confirmed by [6], [7] and [8] through useful procedures and suggestions to get to targeted precursors which are of useful aids in the formulation of modern drugs. Plant Material The aerial parts of Maesobotrya barteri were collected from Orokam in Ogbadibo local government area of Benue State in the month of July, 2013. They were properly identified at the herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The whole plant was sorted, air dried under shade, segregated and pulverized by mechanically pounding them using wooden mortar and pestle. The pulverized plant material was stored away from moisture. Extraction 980.54g of the pulverized plant materials were carefully weighed and loaded into a Soxhlet extractor. It was extracted successively with Petroleum ether (60-80oC), Chloroform, Ethyl acetate (76-78oC) and Methanol by hot continuous percolation method in the Soxhlet apparatus for 72 hours respectively. Solvents used were those of JHD and general purpose reagents The extracts were concentrated in vacuo at 40oC using rotary evaporator and subjected to air drying to give dried crude extracts. Isolation The ethyl acetate extract was the most sensitive extract from the antimicrobial screening and was subjected to column chromatography (CC) for fractionation. Solvents used to run the column chromatograghy were sealed and are products JHD with 98% purity. Fifteen grams (15g) of the extract was dissolved in ethyl acetate and preadsorbed on 10.0g silica gel (qualikens 60-120 mesh). The dried pre-adsorbed extract was transferred to a mortar and ground to give a fine powder and was added at the uniform layer on top of the column. The petroleum ether descended on a horizontal line indicating that the column was well packed. A total of 105 fractions (50mls) each were initially collected using gradient elution with a solvent combination of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate, starting with 100% petroleum ether with an increasing polarity of 1% ethyl acetate. Similar fractions were pulled together based on monitoring from TLC. Fractions F20-F25 were pulled together at the ration of 8:2 and where subjected to further purification using Preparative thin layer chromatography to obtain a solid white amorphous substance which after several trails using different solvent combinations showed a single spot which was visible under the UV lamp and after spraying the TLC plate with 10% H2SO4 and oven dried for 5minutes at 60oC. The solid white amorphous substance produced was insoluble in ethyl acetate or petroleum ether but soluble in chloroform. Results and Discussion From the preliminary antimicrobial screening of the crude aerial plant parts extracts of M. barteri, ethylacetate extract exhibited the highest activity against the test microbes used via their zones of inhibition. Therefore, an activity guided isolation was undertaken. Bioactivity of Compound EN1 Pure Isolate The antimicrobial activities of compound EN1 isolated from ethylacetate extract of the aerial plant parts of M. barteri was examined and agar disc diffusion method [13] was employed for the determination of the antimicrobial activities. The pure compound was determined using some pathogenic microbes; the microbes were obtained from the department of Medical Microbiology Ahmadu Bello University Teaching- Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. The determination of minimum inhibitory concentration was carried out using the nutrient broth susceptibility assay prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions, as recommended by NCCLS [14]. Minimum inhibition McFarland turbidity standard scale number 0.5 was prepared to give turbid solution. Normal saline was prepared and was dispensed into test tube and the test microorganism was then inoculated into the normal saline, incubation was at 37oC for 6hrs, dilution of the microorganism in the normal was performed until the turbidity marched that of the McFarland by visual comparison at this point the microorganism had a concentration of about 1.5à Ã‚ ¥108 cfu/ml. Minimum Bactericidal and fungicidal concentration of compound EN1 was carried out to check whether the test microbes were killed or only their growth was inhibited. Mueller Hunton agars were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instruction, as recommended by NCCLS [14]. They were boiled to dissolve and were sterilized at 121oC for 15 minutes, the media were cool to 45oC and the medium (20ml) was poured in to sterile Petri dishes, the plates were covered and allowed to cool and solidify. The contents of the MIC in the serial dilution was inoculated on to the media, the media were incubated at 37oC for 24hrs for the bacteria and at 30oC for 1-7 days for fungi, after which the plate were observed for colonies growth. The MBC/MFC was the plate with lowest concentrations of the extract without colony growth. Table 2 shows the Zones of inhibition (mm) of the pure the compound EN1 from the ethyl acetate fraction which showed remarkable activity against twelve of the sixteen organisms tested. Compound EN1 could not inhibit the growth of Corynebacterium ulcerans, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus nigre. The various minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum Bacteriocidal concentration and fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) for the different microbes are as shown in Tables and the bioactivity of the aerial plant parts of M. barteri is comparable to the drugs Ciprofloxacin, Fluconazole and Fulcin used as positive controls. Table 2: Zone of inhibition of Compound EN1 against the test microorganism Test Organism Compound EN1 Ciprofloxacin Fluconazole Fulcin Staphylococus aureus 32 37 0 0 Streptococus pyogenes 30 35 0 0 Streptococcus feacalis 32 39 0 0 Corynebacteruim ulcerans 0 32 0 0 Escherichia coli 32 38 0 0 Klebsiella pneumonia 32 40 0 0 Salmonella typhi 30 42 0 0 Shigella dysenteriae 30 40 0 0 Candida albicans 0 0 35 0 Candida krusei 27 0 37 0 Candida tropicalis 0 0 32 0 Candida stellatoidea 25 0 37 0 Microsporum sp 26 0 0 38 Aspargillus fumigates 0 0 0 32 Aspargillus nigre 0 0 0 34 Trichophyton rutarum 28 0 0 38 Table 2 and 3 shows the activity of the compound EN1 which the spectroscopic analysis was proposed to be a ÃŽ ²-Amyrin or ÃŽ ²-Amyrenol, (C30H50O, 426.7 g/mol). Antimicrobial screening reported from other natural products has also confirmed the microbial properties of ÃŽ ²-Amyrin. ÃŽ ²-Amyrin was isolated from Ardisia elliptica [9], a medicinal plant used for alleviating chest pain, fever, liver poisoning and parturition complications. It was found that ÃŽ ²-Amyrin was six times as active as aspirin in inhibiting platelets aggregation. ÃŽ ²-amyrin was isolated for the first time fromLaurencia microcladia, marine algaedistributed widely in Egypt found to have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeurginosa [10]. Table 3a: Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) Test Organisms 3.12 µg/ml 6.2 µg/ml 12.5 µg/ml 25 µg/ml 50 µg/ml Concentration Staphylococus Aureus o* + Streptococus Pyogenes o* + + Streptococcus Feacalis o* + Escherichia Coli o* + Klebsiella Pneumonia o* + Salmonella Typhi o* + Shigella Dysenteria o* + Candida Krusei o* + + Candida Stellatoidea o* + + Microsporum Sp o* + + Trichophyton Rubrum o* + + KEY: = No turbidity (No growth), o* = MIC, + = Turbid (Growth) Table 3b: Minimum Bactericidal Concentration and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC) Test Organisms 3.12 µg/ml 6.2 µg/ml 12.5 µg/ml 25 µg/ml 50 µg/ml Concentration Staphylococus aureus o* + + + Streptococus pyogenes o* + + + Streptococcus feacalis o* + + + Escherichia coli o* + + + Klebsiella pneumonia o* + + Salmonella typhi o* + + + Shigella dysenteria o* + + + Candida krusei o* + + + Candida stellatoidea o* + + + + Microsporum sp o* + + + + Trichophyton rubrum o* + + + KEY: = No turbidity (No growth), o* = MBC/MFC + = Turbid (Growth) Spectra results The structure of compound EN1 was elucidated using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR), 1-DNMR and 2-DNMR and also by comparing the obtained data with already existing literature. The results obtained are as shown in the table. H1NMR: 7.2401, 5.2346, 3.2100, 3.2021, 3.1911, 3.1836, 2.3241, 2.1768, 2.1585, 2.0742, 2.0181, 2.0023, 1.9942, 1.9793, 1.9727, 1.9067, 1.9012, 1.8923, 1.8865, 1.8621, 1.8455,1.8379, 1.8227, 1.7276, 1.7067, 1.6857, 1.6669, 1.6529, 1.6353, 1.6302, 1.6127, 1.5952, 1.5890, 1.5669,1.5463, 1.5230,1.4987,1.4836,1.4667,1.4579,1.4402,1.4276,1.3730,1.3429, 1.3195, 1.2990, 1.2780, 1.2630, 1.2329,1.1813,1.1514,1.1169,1.0870, 1.0639,1.0316, 1.0195,0.9989, 0.9759, 0.9681, 0.9404, 0.9322, 0.9217, 0.9088, 0.8927, 0.8841, 0.8680, 0.8591,0.8450 0.8341 13CNMR: 137.9624, 125.9002, 79.0731, 77.2169, 77.0054, 76.7938, 55.2568, 52.7408, 47.9239, 47.5759, 42.0388, 39.5194, 39.0811, 38.8495, 38.7715, 38.6441, 37.0200, 36.7105, 33.0001, 30.6267, 29.6969, 29.3557, 28.1492, 28.0359, 27.2530, 24.2027, 23.5770, 23.3098, 21.1608, 18.3150,17.0954, 16.9846, 15.5986, 15.4777. The 13C NMR spectrum (Figure 3) showed thirty (30) major recognizable carbon signals, eight methyl groups at ÃŽ ´37.0200 (C-22), 28.0359 (C-23), 15.5986 (C-24), 15.4777 (C-25), 16.9846 (C-26), 24.2027 (C-27), 17.0954 (C-28), 28.1492 (C-29), 23.3098 (C-30) and a secondary hydroxyl bearing carbon 79.0731 at (C-3). It also showed some recognizable signals at ÃŽ ´ 125.9002 and 137.9624 ppm which is assignable to the double bond at C-12 and C-13. In addition, ten methylene groups, eight methyl groups , six quaternary carbons atoms from DEPT experiment were observed. The chemical shift at ÃŽ ´137.962, 125.9002 which are C-12 and C-13 and the consistent flow of methyl groups from C-23 to C-30 were characteristic peaks for a ÃŽ ²- Amyrin type of skeleton [11] and [12]. 1HNMR, 13C NMR and DEPTH spectra of the proposed compound ÃŽ ²-amyrin Figure1: 1HNMR Figure 2 : 13C NMR Figure 3: DEPT Table 4: Comparison of 13C NMR spectrum data of ÃŽ ²-amyrin Obtained from the Aerial parts of M. barteri with literature Carbon Position ÃŽ ´13CNM ÃŽ ´ppm ÃŽ ²-amyrin, Experimental ÃŽ ´13CNMR ÃŽ ´ppm ÃŽ ²-amyrin, Literature [12] ÃŽ ´13CNMR ÃŽ ´ppm ÃŽ ²-amyrin, Literature [11] 1 38.8495 38.7 37.3 2 27.2530 27.2 28.28 3 79.0731 79.3 71.85 4 38.7715 38.5 37.30 5 55.2568 55.1 36.81 6 18.3150 18.6 21.12 7 38.6441 32.4 42.35 8 39.5194 39.8 45.90 9 47.9239 47.6 50.18 10 36.7105 36.9 36.55 11 23.5770 23.6 24.33 12 125.9002 121.7 121.70 13 137.9624 145.2 140.81 14 42.0388 41.7 44.36 15 29.3557 26.2 26.13 16 21.1608 26.1 23.11 17 29.6969 32.6 48.48 18 47.5759 47.2 45.89 19 39.0811 46.8 39.82 20 30.6267 31.0 36.49 21 33.0001 34.7 34.00 22 37.0200 37.1 31.71 23 28.0359 28.0 29.3 24 15.5986 15.4 19.84 25 15.4777 15.4 19.10 26 16.9846 16.8 18.90 27 24.2027 25. 9 18.30 28 17.0954 28.4 19.20 29 28.1492 33.8 36.18 30 23.3098 23.7 19.42 Proposed structure EN1-(C30H50O, 426.7 g/mol) Name: ÃŽ ²-Amyrin or ÃŽ ²-Amyrenol Conclusion The isolation of ÃŽ ²-Amyrin from the aerial plant parts of M. barteri, whose bioactivity was established from this work by its zone of inhibition, is comparable to the drugs of Ciprofloxacin, Fluconazole and Fulcin. This justifies why the plant really serves as a general purpose antibiotic in traditional medicine in our society. The preliminary phytochemical screening also shows that the ethylacetate extract contains other classes of compounds that can be further isolated and tested for microbial activities and this can lead to chains of discoveries as the quest of precursors for modern drugs are continually on course.

Friday, October 25, 2019

The Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone :: Antigone essays

The Tragic Hero of Antigone In Sophocles' Antigone, the question of who the tragic hero actually is has been the subject of a debate for years.   It is unlikely for there to be two tragic characters in a Greek tragedy, and there can be only one in the play Antigone.   The king Creon possesses some of the qualities that constitute a tragic character, but does not have all of the necessary traits. Antigone, however, contains all of the aspects that are required for her to be the   main character.   According to Aristotle's Poetics, there are four major traits, which are required of the tragic character.   The character must be a good and upstanding person.   The character must focus on becoming a better person, must be believable, and must be consistent in his or her behavior. Due to the fact that Antigone represents these four character guidelines, as well as several other protagonist traits, she can definitely be defined as the tragic hero. In order for Antigone to be the tragic character, she first must be a good   and upstanding person.   Antigone is indeed a good-hearted person and has committed no crime up to her decision to give her brother, Polynieces, a   proper burial.   There is no doubt that Antigone is upstanding and a person   of importance in Thebes.   She was scheduled to marry Haemon, the son of   Creon, and was considered a princess.   Aristotle stated that the aspect of a good person was first and most important when creating a tragic character.   The fact that Antigone is a woman makes no difference, because Aristotle   expressly said, "Even a woman may be good.though the woman may be said to be an inferior being."   Aristotle's second rule for determining a tragic character is that the   person must aim at propriety.   The character must work towards becoming a   better person.   Antigone illustrates this second guideline by her effort to   clear her conscious and bring honor to her family by giving Polynieces a   decent burial.   By taking this responsibility, and by denying Ismene's   involvement in her crime, Antigone shows that she has acquired a greater   courage within herself than she had possessed before.   In no way does Creon comply with Aristotle's second guideline.   Throughout the play, he does not   allow himself to see the point of view from other people, such as when   Haemon tries to reason with him, and he neglects the blind prophet,   Tiresias, when he warns Creon of his actions.   The last two expectations of a tragic character are intertwined. According   to Aristotle, the character must be true to life and be consistent in